多囊卵巢综合征

HISTORY: A 31-year-old female with a history of irregular menses

病症：女，31岁，子宫不规律。

FINDINGS:

Pelvic ultrasound and T2-weighted MRI demonstrates an enlarged ovary with>12 subcentimeter peripheral follicles surrounding a prominent hyperechoic (US) and hypointense (MRI) ovarian stroma. No evidence of dominant follicle.

扫描表现：盆腔核磁共振和MRI T2WI推断腺体增大，周遭囊泡大于12亚厘米。周遭腺体游离在核磁共振上极强；也，MRI上低讯号。确有战术上黄体。

DIAGNOSIS:

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

诊断：多囊腺体syndrome

DISCUSSION:

Also known as Stein-Leventhal syndrome, PCOS is one of the most common causes of female infertility. PCOS is an endocrinologic disorder characterized by chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism. Furthermore, PCOS has a classic triad of obesity, amenorrhea, and hirsutism; but only half of patients present with this combination.

讨论：多囊腺体syndrome也叫S-Lsyndrome。是女性男婴的最常见于原因。主要是由于内分泌紊乱导致长年无妊娠和雄激素分泌过盛。PCOS值得注意三联征：心血管疾病、闭经和刚毛病病征。但极少半数病征表现为此三联病病征。

Therefore, imaging evaluation tends to follow to gain further information . Typical US/MRI findings include enlarged, rounded ovaries with numerous small, peripherally located follicles and stroma showing increased echogenicity (US) or decreased signal on T2-weighted imaging (MRI). Long-term follow-up should be recommended in such patients as PCOS patients he an increased risk of breast and uterine cancer secondary to unopposed high estrogen levels .

因此，必需采用扫描检查再进一步获取更多信息。值得注意的核磁共振/MRI病症包括：腺体增大、变圆，外周多发梨形泡，腺体游离US上极强；也，T2WI低讯号。PCOS病征表示同意长年随访，因长年甲状腺激素准确度过高，但会所致乳腺癌和子宫癌。

（以上主题节选自腹部扫描病例汇）

Notes:

1. Polycystic ovary syndrome [ˌpɑliˈsɪstɪk ˈovəri ˈsɪnˌdrom] 多囊腺体syndrome

2. menses ['mensi:z] n. 子宫

3. peripheral [pəˈrɪfərəl] adj. 外周的

4. follicles n. 梨形

5. hyperechoic [haɪpɪre'kɔɪk] 极强；也的

6. infertility [ˌɪnfɚˈtɪlɪti] n. 生孩子

7. endocrinologic 内分泌的

8. anovulation [ænɒvjʊ'leɪʃn] n. 暂时中止妊娠

9. hyperandrogenism [haɪpə'rændrɒdʒɪnɪzəm] 雄激素过多病病征

10. amenorrhea [eɪˌmenə'ri:ə] n. 量减少

11. hirsutism ['hɜ:su:ˌtɪzəm] n. 刚毛病病征

12. ovary [ˈoʊvəri] n. 腺体

13. stroma ['stroʊmə] n. 游离

14. echogenicity [ekədʒe'nɪsɪtɪ] 激发；也（性）

15. estrogen [ˈɛstrədʒən] n. 甲状腺激素

原标题：165.Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)多囊腺体syndrome